Craig Woods participated in a national, multi-institutional COVID-19 vaccine study analyzing over 4,000 blood samples from healthy and immunocompromised individuals before and after COVID-19 vaccination. The study’s results were published on Aug 20th, 2026 in Cell Press Blue titled “Pre-vaccine sentinel antibodies predict blunted vaccine responses” and revealed that broadly prevalent pre-existing antibodies to common microbes were able to consistently predict response to vaccine in both healthy and immunosuppressed populations, which may lead to a framework for predicting vaccine responses to other vaccines.